Yes! Configure the Multiple Choice question and toggle on "Add images to the options." From here, you can upload an image for each option (or leave any blank).
Additionally, you can hide the answer text when an option has an image by toggling "Hide the text when the option has an image." Only the image will appear on the form, but the corresponding text for each option will come through for the selcted answer(s) in the submission results.
Please note that images cannot be used when there are more than 50 options.
Editing images
After you've uploaded it, you can use the built-in image editor to adjust levels, crop, or add annotations. Click on the image after it's been uploaded to pull up the image editor.
Resizing images
Images in multiple-choice questions will always stretch to fill the width of the box for each option. You can make each option smaller by adjusting the number of columns.